India’s lion population roars, highlighting successful conservation in Gujarat’s Gir sanctuary

Hunting and encroachment reduced the Asiatic lion population to just 20 by 1913, but they now thrive in Gujarat’s Gir wildlife sanctuary with nearly 900 big cats

India’s Asiatic lion population has increased by over a third to 891, according to a five-yearly census released on Wednesday, boosting efforts to conserve the vulnerable species.

The Asiatic lion – which historically once roamed from the Middle East to India – is now reduced to an isolated population in a wildlife sanctuary in India’s western state of Gujarat.

“The Asiatic lion population, which was 304 in 1995, has increased steadily over the past three decades,” Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel told reporters. “In 2020 it was 674, which has now increased to 891.”

The majestic big cats are slightly smaller than their African cousins, and have a fold of skin along their bellies.

Hunting and human encroachment caused the population to plunge to just 20 by 1913, and the lions are now found only in Gujarat’s sprawling Gir wildlife sanctuary, where they roam dry deciduous forests and open grasslands.

Following years of concerted government efforts, the lion population is steadily rising.

The latest counting exercise, spread over four days, covered more than 35,000 square km (13,513 square miles) across 11 districts in the state.

Another important factor here is the political will and support of the local people living near the forest areasPriyavrat Gadhvi, wildlife activist

Priyavrat Gadhvi, a former member of the state wildlife board, said the increase indicated a successful conservation programme.

“Another important factor here is the political will and support of the local people living near the forest areas,” Gadhvi said. “They together have helped in conservation of the species.”

But while numbers are rising, the conservation organisation WWF warned that the Asiatic lion faced a “threat of genetic inbreeding arising from a single population in one place”.

Lions are a source of pride for India, particularly in Gujarat’s Saurashtra region, where man and beast coexist.

A cattle-rearing tribe lives among the animals in the sanctuary, and it is not uncommon to see a pride of lions crossing a highway in the region as motorists wait and watch.

Lions are also a major tourist attraction, along with leopards, panthers and other big cats found in the sanctuary.

Around 550,000 people visit the wildlife park each year, riding in open-top jeeps as they try to spot the predators prowling.

Since the Asiatic lion currently exists as a single subpopulation, it is vulnerable to extinction from events such as an epidemic or a large forest fire.